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REFORESTATION
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Reforestation means that the forest is renewed after it is harvested. This renewal can either be by natural regeneration, by planting new trees, or by a combination of both. |
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Canadian forests companies are responsible for:
- Prompt reforestation
- Specific reforestation
- Ensured reforestation
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Prompt Reforestation - Provincial laws require that all harvested areas be regenerated promptly after harvesting.
Specific Reforestation - Public land is quickly reforested with native species suited to meet local ecological conditions. See Biodiversity
Ensured Reforestation - Canadian Forest companies are legally obligated to track and ensure regeneration success. If a newly planted forest fails, the company must replant the area until it is properly reforested. Forest companies remain responsible for a harvested area until the new growth reaches what is called a free-growing state, which means there is assurance the young trees will grow into a new, healthy forest. This usually takes 6 to 12 years.
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Every year, more than 200 million seedlings are planted in B.C. to reforest areas after logging, wildfire or insect infestations. |
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On average, each year 650 million trees are planted across Canada in areas where forests have been harvested. |
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DEFORESTATION
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Deforestation is the opposite of reforestation. Deforestation means the long-term loss of forest cover. |
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3 ways forests are destroyed:
- Natural disturbances
- Harvesting
- Deforestation
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Natural Disturbances - Forests have evolved so that they are capable of renewing themselves as part of their normal cycle of growth. Without aid, forests recover from total destruction from fire, volcanoes, floods, landslides and ice ages. Because it is natural for forests to be occasionally destroyed, ecologists call it "disturbance" rather than "destruction."
Harvesting - Harvesting or logging a forest is not as severe as that caused by a hot wildfire or a volcanic eruption. Forests can usually recover quickly from logging whereas more severe disturbance can result in slower recovery.
Deforestation occurs when the forest is prevented from growing back by the actions of people and their domestic animals. This process is also known as "conversion" because it usually involves the conversion of the land from a forest to another use such as agriculture, towns and cities, and industry. Once the land has been converted, it must be maintained by people or it will once again grow back into a forest. For example, even where the land has been completely paved over, such as a parking lot, will gradually recover to a forest if the parking lot is abandoned.
Domestic grazing animals are one of the main causes of deforestation in many parts of the world. If too many sheep, goats, or cattle are put on the land, they can prevent trees from growing back. This has occurred in areas such as Scotland, northern Africa, and many parts of Asia. |
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